<?php

class FieldName {
    public string $fieldName;

    public function __construct(string $fieldName)
    {
        $this->fieldName = $fieldName;
    }
}

class ExpressionBuilder
{
    // Automatic typecast.
    static function automaticTypecast(string $rval) : mixed
    {
        if (is_numeric($rval)) { // is it a numeric value?
            if (((int)$rval) == ((double)$rval)) { // is it an integer?
                return (int)$rval;
            } else { // is it a float?
                return (double)$rval;
            }
        } else if (in_array(strtolower($rval), ["true", "false"]) ) { // it's a boolean
            return $rval === "true";
        } else if (str_starts_with($rval, '"') && str_ends_with($rval, '"')){ // it's a string
            return substr($rval, 1, strlen($rval) - 2); // strip leading and trailing quotes
        } else { // it must be a column name
            return new FieldName($rval);
        }
    }

    // Divide expression into operands and operators.
    static function splitCriterion(string $crstr): array|Closure
    {
        preg_match("/([<>=!]+|LIKE|NOT LIKE|IN|NOT IN|CONTAINS|NOT CONTAINS|BETWEEN|NOT BETWEEN|EXISTS)/", $crstr, $matches, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE);

        // extract operator
        $op = $matches[0][0];
        $op_pos = $matches[0][1];

        // extract operands
        $left = trim(substr($crstr, 0, $op_pos));
        $right = trim(substr($crstr, $op_pos + strlen($op), strlen($crstr)));

        // automatic type conversion
        if (str_starts_with($right, "[") && str_ends_with($right, "]")) { // is it an array?
            $right = substr($right, 1, -1); // strip leading and trailing brackets
            $elements = explode(",", $right); // extract array elements
            $right = []; // re-init right value, since it's an array
            foreach ($elements as $element) { // insert array elements
                $element = trim($element);
                if ($element !== "") {
                    $right[] = self::automaticTypecast($element);
                }
            }
        } else { // it must be a single value
            $right = self::automaticTypecast($right);
        }

        // handle "default" criteria and closures
        if (is_a($right, FieldName::class)) { // field name
            return function($a) use ($left, $right, $op): bool {
                $X = &$a[$left];
                $Y = &$a[$right->fieldName];
                switch ($op) {
                    case "=": {
                        return $X == $Y;
                    }
                    case "!=": {
                        return $X != $Y;
                    }
                    case "<": {
                        return $X < $Y;
                    }
                    case ">": {
                        return $X > $Y;
                    }
                    case "<=": {
                        return $X <= $Y;
                    }
                    case ">=": {
                        return $X >= $Y;
                    }
                    default: {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            };
        } else { // default critera
            return [$left, $op, $right];
        }
    }

    // Build SleekDB query expression. Processes encapsulated expressions recursively as well.
    static function buildQuery(string $filter): array
    {
        // skip empty filter processing
        if (trim($filter) === "") {
            return [];
        }

        // subfilters and operations
        $subfilts = [];
        $operations = [];

        // buffer and scoring
        $k = 0;
        $k_prev = 0;
        $buffer = "";

        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($filter); $i++) {
            $c = $filter[$i];

            // extract groups surrounded by parantheses
            if ($c === "(") {
                $k++;
            } elseif ($c === ")") {
                $k--;
            }

            // only omit parentheses at the top-level expression
            if (!((($c === "(") && ($k === 1)) || (($c === ")") && ($k === 0)))) {
                $buffer .= $c;
            }

            // if k = 0, then we found a subfilter
            if (($k === 0) && ($k_prev === 1)) {
                $subfilts[] = trim($buffer);
                $buffer = "";
            } elseif (($k === 1) && ($k_prev === 0)) {
                $op = trim($buffer);
                if ($op !== "") {
                    $operations[] = $op;
                }
                $buffer = "";
            }

            // save k to be used next iteration
            $k_prev = $k;
        }

        // decide, whether further expansion of condition is needed
        $criteria = [];
        for ($i = 0; $i < count($subfilts); $i++) {
            $subfilt = $subfilts[$i];

            // add subcriterion
            if ($subfilt[0] === "(") {
                $criteria[] = self::buildQuery($subfilt);
            } else {
                $criteria[] = self::splitCriterion($subfilt);
            }

            // add operator
            if (($i + 1) < count($subfilts)) {
                $criteria[] = $operations[$i];
            }
        }

        return $criteria;
    }

    // Build SleekDB ordering.
    static function buildOrdering(string $orderby): array
    {
        // don't process empty order instructions
        if ($orderby === "") {
            return [];
        }

        // explode string at tokens delimiting separate order criteria
        $ordering = [];
        $subcriteria = explode(";", $orderby);
        foreach ($subcriteria as $subcriterion) {
            $parts = explode(":", $subcriterion); // fetch parts
            $field_name = trim($parts[0], "\ \n\r\t\v\0\"'"); // strip leading and trailing quotes if exists
            $direction = strtolower(trim($parts[1])); // fetch ordering direction
            $ordering[$field_name] = $direction; // build ordering instruction
        }

        return $ordering;
    }
}